美国海洋油气作业中需关注的相关安全信息
近海石油和天然气行业为美国的劳动力提供了数千个工作岗位。 分散在墨西哥湾沿岸的这些工作所支持的许多家庭都了解在海上石油和天然气行业工作所带来的明显的安全问题。
The offshore oil and gas industry provides thousands of jobs to the United States' workforce. Many families supported by these jobs that are scattered along the Gulf Coast of Mexico understand the obvious safety concerns that come with working in the offshore oil and gas industry.
谁负责监管和执行海上石油和天然气作业的安全规则?
WHO REGULATES AND ENFORCES SAFETY RULES OF OFFSHORE OIL AND GAS OPERATIONS?
安全与环境执法局 (“BSEE”) 负责监管和执行海上石油和天然气作业的安全规则。 BSEE 的部分职责是保存有关违规事件的详细信息。 当在海上工业中发现违规或不合规事件 (INC) 时,BSEE 将发出警告或关闭。 当安全违规不严重或没有威胁时,会发出警告。 可以针对单个组件(设施的一部分)或整个设施发出关闭通知。 在允许操作员继续相关活动之前,必须纠正违规行为。
The Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement ("BSEE") regulates and enforces safety rules of offshore oil and gas operations. Part of the BSEE's responsibilities is to keep detailed information regarding incidents of non-compliance. When a violation or incident of noncompliance (INC) is discovered in the offshore industry, the BSEE will issue a warning or a shut-in. A warning is issued when the safety violation is not severe or threatening. A shut-in can be issued for a single component (a portion of the facility) or the entire facility. The violation must be corrected before the operator is allowed to continue the activity in question.
除了警告或停工外,被发现违反安全规定的雇主如果出现以下情况,每天每次违规可被处以最高 42,017 美元的罚款:
(1) 运营商未能在 INC 规定的合理时间内纠正违规行为;
(2) 违法行为导致对人类生命或环境造成严重伤害或破坏的威胁。
In addition to a warning or shutin, an employer who is found to be in violation of safety regulations can be fined up to $42,017 per violation per day if:
(1) the operator fails to correct the violation in the reasonable amount of time specifled on the INC;
(2) the violation resulted in a threat of serious harm or damage to human life or the environment.
在 INC 报告完成后,BSEE 通常会召集一个小组来调查导致死亡、严重伤害等事件。在小组调查结束时,BSEE 将出具一份报告,解释事故发生的原因和方式、事故原因、任何可能违反的监管要求,并提出防止事故再次发生的建议。
After an INC report is made, the BSEE typically convenes a panel to investigate incidents that result in death, serious injury...." At the conclusion of the panel's investigation, BSEE will produce a report explaining why and how an accident occurred, the causes of the incident, any possible regulatory requirements that were violated, and offer recommendations to prevent a recurrence.
海上石油和天然气作业中的致命伤害
FATAL INJURIES IN OFFSHORE OIL AND GAS OPERATIONS
另一个涉及海上石油和天然气行业事件的机构是美国疾病控制与预防中心 (“CDC”)。 2013 年,CDC 进行了一项关于参与海上石油和天然气作业的工人中致命伤害的数量和百分比的统计数据研究。 在这项研究中,CDC 发现在 2003 年至 2010 年间,有 128 名离岸工人卷入了致命事故。 根据 CDC 的研究,美国每年平均有 16 起与海上石油和天然气作业相关的死亡事件——除了其中一例外,其他所有死亡事件都发生在墨西哥湾。
Another agency involved in offshore oil and gas industry incidents is the Center for Disease Control and Prevention ("CDC"). In 2013 the CDC conducted a study regarding statistics about the number and percentage of fatal injuries among workers involved in offshore oil and gas operations. In this study, the CDC discovered that 128 offshore workers were involved in fatal accidents between 2003-2010. According to the CDC's study, there are on average 16 fatalities each year relating to offshore oil and gas operations in the United States-all but one of these fatalities took place in the Gulf of Mexico.
海上事故的常见原因
Common Causes of Offshore Accidents
• 设备损坏
• 接触导致烧伤、呼吸道疾病或死亡的危险化学品或烟雾
• 接触电气危险
• 暴露在高压设备中
• 未能制定或实施安全政策
• 故障、过时或有缺陷的设备和机器导致故障或其他问题
• 设备设施维护不当
• 警告标志不足
• 人力或人员不足
• 疏忽的培训或监督
• 石油钻井平台爆炸和火灾
• 湿滑的条件
• Damaged equipment
• Exposure to dangerous chemicals or fumes that lead to burns, respiratory disease, or death
• Exposure to electrical hazards
• Exposure to highly pressurized equipment
• Failure to create or implement safety policies
• Failing, outdated or defective equipment and machinery that lead to breakdowns or other problems
• Improper maintenance of equipment and facilities
• Inadequate warning signs
• Inadequate manpower or personnel for the job
• Negligent training or supervision
• Oilrig explosions and fires
• Slippery conditions
来源:SAFETY CONCERNS INTHE OFFSHORE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY
链接:https://www.morrowsheppard.com/blog/safety-concerns-in-the-offshore-oil-and-gas-industry/
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